1. Management is concerned essentially with the way in which the total organization reacts to its environment to achieve its objectives, as well as with the internal operations of the subsystems of the organization. Management includes the following processes (as well as concern with their interrelationships): setting objectives, planning strategy, establishing goals, developing a company philosophy, establishing policies, planning the organizational structure, providing personnel, establishing procedures, providing facilities, providing financial resources, setting standards, establishing management programmes and operational plans, providing control information, and activating people. Specific management activities include: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting, and innovation.
2. Management is the fundamental instrument to ensure that all plans are adequately integrated and that the work of all functions is integrated into a cohesive whole so that the full force of the organization's resources can be focused on the successful achievement of its objectives.